See beren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bear"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bear"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "bere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bear"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beir"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "ber"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "baar"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:beran",
"id": "to bear",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰéreti\nProto-Germanic *beraną\nProto-West Germanic *beran\nOld English beran\nMiddle English beren\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*beraną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*beran\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"beran\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"beren\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"to bear\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"beren\" id=\"Middle_English:_to_bear\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beran",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English beran",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beran"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English beran",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*beran"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *beran",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beraną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beraną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰéreti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰéreti\nProto-Germanic *beraną\nProto-West Germanic *beran\nOld English beran\nMiddle English beren\nInherited from Old English beran, from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bereth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bar",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "boren",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "beren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to beren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bereth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "baren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bereth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "berende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "boren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bore",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "born",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yboren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybore",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yborn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bern",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "beare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "biere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beoren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bueren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "beren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bereth",
"2": "berynge",
"3": "bar",
"4": "boren"
},
"expansion": "beren (third-person singular simple present bereth, present participle berynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bar, past participle boren)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber",
"2": "bar",
"2a": "ber",
"3": "ber",
"3a": "bar",
"4": "bor",
"c": "4",
"p_part3": "born",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 4 3 4 11 2 0 3 4 7 3 0 0 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 0 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pregnancy",
"orig": "enm:Pregnancy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To carry in the womb; to be pregnant with."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-AWq9Hq5s",
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"womb",
"womb"
],
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To carry in the womb; to be pregnant with."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 68 1 2 5 1 0 1 2 3 1 0 0 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "enm:Heraldry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To carry heraldry, symbols, or weaponry."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-ZgT93pLE",
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"symbol",
"symbol"
],
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To carry heraldry, symbols, or weaponry."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To deliver or disseminate (usually information or a message)"
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-s9oc43WR",
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
],
[
"disseminate",
"disseminate"
],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
"message",
"message#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To deliver or disseminate (usually information or a message)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "enm:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 23 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "enm:Transport",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To wear clothing or jewellery."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-WQ1AKx4c",
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"jewellery",
"jewellery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To wear clothing or jewellery."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 3 4 11 2 4 6 4 7 4 4 4 4 4 8 3 4 4 4 0 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Taxation",
"orig": "enm:Taxation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hold or prop up; to stop from falling:",
"To move a body part (in a specified direction)"
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-nz7n6Cpe",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"prop up",
"prop up"
],
[
"stop",
"stop"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"body part",
"body part"
],
[
"specified",
"specified#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hold or prop up; to stop from falling:",
"To move a body part (in a specified direction)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To hold or prop up; to stop from falling:",
"To support; to provide aid or sustenance."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-d-uJeZK5",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"prop up",
"prop up"
],
[
"stop",
"stop"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"sustenance",
"sustenance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hold or prop up; to stop from falling:",
"(figurative) To support; to provide aid or sustenance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 2 4 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
32,
37
]
],
"english": "But since that book, the Bible, gives good testimony [about] / how Daniel interpreted and explained the dreams / of King Nebuchadnezzar, who had no equal […]",
"ref": "c. 1390, [William Langland], “Incıpıt paſſus decimus”, in Peeres plouheman (P, C-text), Monmouthshire: Thom[as] Dankaſtre, published c. 1400, folio 36, verso; republished as MS. HM 137, San Marino, CA: Huntingdon Digital Library, p. 2011:",
"text": "Ac foꝛ þe bok bıble bereþ good wyttneſſe / How danıel dyuinede. and vndude þe dremeles / Of kyng nabugodonoſoꝛ þat no peer hadde",
"translation": "But since that book, the Bible, gives good testimony [about] / how Daniel interpreted and explained the dreams / of King Nebuchadnezzar, who had no equal […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality)"
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb--ogeo83o",
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 2 4 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a name, title, or designation."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-3ibBt3J5",
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"title",
"title"
],
[
"designation",
"designation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a name, title, or designation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 2 4 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 23 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "enm:Transport",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a position or possession."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-W2riKHot",
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"possession",
"possession"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a position or possession."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 2 4 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a (given) reputation or value."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-ik9UFrJn",
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"given",
"given#English"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a (given) reputation or value."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 23 0 0 10 10 10 1 12 1 1 0 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 2 4 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To behave; to assume a specified kind of behaviour."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-WcghPZ2T",
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"specified",
"specified"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"(especially reflexive) To behave; to assume a specified kind of behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"especially",
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 2 4 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To mean or signify."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-IwJgfdMp",
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"signify",
"signify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"(rare) To mean or signify."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 1 2 4 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To give or cast (a shadow)"
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-gyyvDxTp",
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"cast",
"cast"
],
[
"shadow",
"shadow#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"(rare) To give or cast (a shadow)"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 3 6 2 2 9 9 9 4 9 2 2 2 4 2 6 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 8 1 1 13 13 13 3 11 2 2 1 3 2 8 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 5 5 2 2 5 3 5 2 2 8 8 8 5 8 2 2 2 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 5 5 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 8 8 8 5 8 3 3 2 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 11 11 11 4 9 2 2 2 4 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 11 2 2 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 9 3 3 2 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 10 3 3 2 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 23 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "enm:Transport",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"english": "Now that ship which took the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.",
"ref": "c. 1390, “Edward þe þridde”, in Sowlehele (Vernon Lyrics, Bodleian MS. Eng. poet. a. 1), Worcestershire, folio 411, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Now is þat ſchip. þat bar þe flour. / Selden seȝe. and sone foꝛȝete.",
"translation": "Now that ship which took the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess"
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-XPL0KwOk",
"links": [
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"obtain",
"obtain"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 3 6 2 2 9 9 9 4 9 2 2 2 4 2 6 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 8 1 1 13 13 13 3 11 2 2 1 3 2 8 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 5 5 2 2 5 3 5 2 2 8 8 8 5 8 2 2 2 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 5 5 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 8 8 8 5 8 3 3 2 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 11 11 11 4 9 2 2 2 4 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 11 2 2 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 9 3 3 2 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 10 3 3 2 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 23 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "enm:Transport",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:",
"To suffer or endure; to succumb to a loss."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-OIE7MkTr",
"links": [
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"obtain",
"obtain"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"succumb",
"succumb"
],
[
"loss",
"loss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:",
"To suffer or endure; to succumb to a loss."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 3 6 2 2 9 9 9 4 9 2 2 2 4 2 6 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 8 1 1 13 13 13 3 11 2 2 1 3 2 8 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 5 5 2 2 5 3 5 2 2 8 8 8 5 8 2 2 2 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 5 5 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 8 8 8 5 8 3 3 2 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 11 11 11 4 9 2 2 2 4 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 11 2 2 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 9 3 3 2 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 10 3 3 2 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 23 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "enm:Transport",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:",
"To pay or owe; to be liable for (a fee or tax)"
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-jHz9mDbc",
"links": [
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"obtain",
"obtain"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"pay",
"pay"
],
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"liable",
"liable"
],
[
"fee",
"fee#English"
],
[
"tax",
"tax#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:",
"To pay or owe; to be liable for (a fee or tax)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To create, produce or yield:",
"To give birth; to produce a child."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-PjCakAhn",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"give birth",
"give birth"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create, produce or yield:",
"To give birth; to produce a child."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 3 6 2 2 9 9 9 4 9 2 2 2 4 2 6 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 8 1 1 13 13 13 3 11 2 2 1 3 2 8 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 5 5 2 2 5 3 5 2 2 8 8 8 5 8 2 2 2 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 5 5 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 8 8 8 5 8 3 3 2 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 11 11 11 4 9 2 2 2 4 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 11 2 2 2 5 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 9 3 3 2 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 9 9 9 5 10 3 3 2 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 23 0 0 10 10 10 1 12 1 1 0 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create, produce or yield:",
"To bloom or bear (flowers, seeds, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-ZAmFxmBI",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bloom",
"bloom"
],
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"flower",
"flower#English"
],
[
"seed",
"seed#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create, produce or yield:",
"(botany) To bloom or bear (flowers, seeds, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To push or shove; to move with force"
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-OQHu2ryD",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To push or shove; to move with force:"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… Then I pray thee, tomorrow with a spear\nThat Arcite stab me through the heart.",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 2255-2256",
"roman": "That Arcita me thurgh the herte bere.",
"text": "[...] Than preye I thee, to-morwe with a spere",
"translation": "… Then I pray thee, tomorrow with a spear\nThat Arcite stab me through the heart.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To push or shove; to move with force:",
"To thrust or stab; to move a weapon."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-gwyESHKJ",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To push or shove; to move with force:",
"To thrust or stab; to move a weapon."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To incite or suggest; to prompt."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-xjY0mJ5S",
"links": [
[
"incite",
"incite"
],
[
"suggest",
"suggest"
],
[
"prompt",
"prompt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To incite or suggest; to prompt."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛ̞ːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbœːrən/",
"note": "West Midland, from Anglian Old English beoran"
}
],
"word": "beren"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "bere"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beire"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:ġebǣran",
"id": "to sound",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *gabārī\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nProto-West Germanic *-jan\nProto-West Germanic *gabārijan\nOld English ġebǣran\nMiddle English beren\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*gabārijan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġebǣran\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"beren\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"to sound\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"beren\" id=\"Middle_English:_to_sound\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġebǣran",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ġebǣran",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġebǣran"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ġebǣran",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gabārijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gabārijan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *gabārī\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nProto-West Germanic *-jan\nProto-West Germanic *gabārijan\nOld English ġebǣran\nMiddle English beren\nInherited from Old English ġebǣran, from Proto-West Germanic *gabārijan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bereth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bered",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{head}}}",
"links": [
[
"{{{head}}}",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`head`rcub``rcub``rcub`#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to {{{head}}}",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{3}}}est",
"links": [
[
"{{{3}}}est",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`3`rcub``rcub``rcub`est#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}edest",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}edest",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`edest#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{3}}}eth",
"links": [
[
"{{{3}}}eth",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`3`rcub``rcub``rcub`eth#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}en",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}en",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`en#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}eden",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}eden",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`eden#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}eth",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}eth",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`eth#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}ynge",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}ynge",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`ynge#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}ende",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}ende",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`ende#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "y{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"y{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/y`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "i-beren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "beren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bereth",
"2": "berynge",
"3": "bered"
},
"expansion": "beren (third-person singular simple present bereth, present participle berynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bered)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"c": "ede"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cry out, howl, or roar."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-4jdE3iC~",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"howl",
"howl"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To cry out, howl, or roar."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To sing or chime loudly."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-9TO81A16",
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
],
[
"chime",
"chime"
],
[
"loudly",
"loudly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To sing or chime loudly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 23 0 0 10 10 10 1 12 1 1 0 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To behave; to assume a specified kind of behaviour."
],
"id": "en-beren-enm-verb-VggjsHRA",
"links": [
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"specified",
"specified"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) To behave; to assume a specified kind of behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛ̝ːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːrən/"
}
],
"word": "beren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 4 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Clothing",
"enm:Heraldry",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Pregnancy",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Taxation",
"enm:Transport"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bear"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bear"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "bere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bear"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beir"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "ber"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "baar"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:beran",
"id": "to bear",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰéreti\nProto-Germanic *beraną\nProto-West Germanic *beran\nOld English beran\nMiddle English beren\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*beraną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*beran\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"beran\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"beren\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"to bear\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"beren\" id=\"Middle_English:_to_bear\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beran",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English beran",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beran"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English beran",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*beran"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *beran",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beraną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beraną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰéreti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰéreti\nProto-Germanic *beraną\nProto-West Germanic *beran\nOld English beran\nMiddle English beren\nInherited from Old English beran, from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bereth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bar",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "boren",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "beren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to beren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "berest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bereth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "baren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bereth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "berende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "boren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bore",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "born",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yboren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybore",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yborn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bern",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "beare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "biere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beoren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bueren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "beren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bereth",
"2": "berynge",
"3": "bar",
"4": "boren"
},
"expansion": "beren (third-person singular simple present bereth, present participle berynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bar, past participle boren)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber",
"2": "bar",
"2a": "ber",
"3": "ber",
"3a": "bar",
"4": "bor",
"c": "4",
"p_part3": "born",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To carry in the womb; to be pregnant with."
],
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"womb",
"womb"
],
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To carry in the womb; to be pregnant with."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To carry heraldry, symbols, or weaponry."
],
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"symbol",
"symbol"
],
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To carry heraldry, symbols, or weaponry."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To deliver or disseminate (usually information or a message)"
],
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
],
[
"disseminate",
"disseminate"
],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
"message",
"message#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To deliver or disseminate (usually information or a message)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To wear clothing or jewellery."
],
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"jewellery",
"jewellery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry or take; to move by holding.",
"To wear clothing or jewellery."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To hold or prop up; to stop from falling:",
"To move a body part (in a specified direction)"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"prop up",
"prop up"
],
[
"stop",
"stop"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"body part",
"body part"
],
[
"specified",
"specified#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hold or prop up; to stop from falling:",
"To move a body part (in a specified direction)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To hold or prop up; to stop from falling:",
"To support; to provide aid or sustenance."
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"prop up",
"prop up"
],
[
"stop",
"stop"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"sustenance",
"sustenance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hold or prop up; to stop from falling:",
"(figurative) To support; to provide aid or sustenance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
32,
37
]
],
"english": "But since that book, the Bible, gives good testimony [about] / how Daniel interpreted and explained the dreams / of King Nebuchadnezzar, who had no equal […]",
"ref": "c. 1390, [William Langland], “Incıpıt paſſus decimus”, in Peeres plouheman (P, C-text), Monmouthshire: Thom[as] Dankaſtre, published c. 1400, folio 36, verso; republished as MS. HM 137, San Marino, CA: Huntingdon Digital Library, p. 2011:",
"text": "Ac foꝛ þe bok bıble bereþ good wyttneſſe / How danıel dyuinede. and vndude þe dremeles / Of kyng nabugodonoſoꝛ þat no peer hadde",
"translation": "But since that book, the Bible, gives good testimony [about] / how Daniel interpreted and explained the dreams / of King Nebuchadnezzar, who had no equal […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality)"
],
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a name, title, or designation."
],
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"title",
"title"
],
[
"designation",
"designation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a name, title, or designation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a position or possession."
],
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"possession",
"possession"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a position or possession."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a (given) reputation or value."
],
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"given",
"given#English"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To have a (given) reputation or value."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English reflexive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To behave; to assume a specified kind of behaviour."
],
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"specified",
"specified"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"(especially reflexive) To behave; to assume a specified kind of behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"especially",
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To mean or signify."
],
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"signify",
"signify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"(rare) To mean or signify."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"To give or cast (a shadow)"
],
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"feature",
"feature#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"cast",
"cast"
],
[
"shadow",
"shadow#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To possess (a feature, property, or quality):",
"(rare) To give or cast (a shadow)"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"english": "Now that ship which took the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.",
"ref": "c. 1390, “Edward þe þridde”, in Sowlehele (Vernon Lyrics, Bodleian MS. Eng. poet. a. 1), Worcestershire, folio 411, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Now is þat ſchip. þat bar þe flour. / Selden seȝe. and sone foꝛȝete.",
"translation": "Now that ship which took the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess"
],
"links": [
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"obtain",
"obtain"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:",
"To suffer or endure; to succumb to a loss."
],
"links": [
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"obtain",
"obtain"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"succumb",
"succumb"
],
[
"loss",
"loss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:",
"To suffer or endure; to succumb to a loss."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:",
"To pay or owe; to be liable for (a fee or tax)"
],
"links": [
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"obtain",
"obtain"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"pay",
"pay"
],
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"liable",
"liable"
],
[
"fee",
"fee#English"
],
[
"tax",
"tax#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To assume, accept, or obtain; to come to possess:",
"To pay or owe; to be liable for (a fee or tax)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To create, produce or yield:",
"To give birth; to produce a child."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"give birth",
"give birth"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create, produce or yield:",
"To give birth; to produce a child."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs",
"enm:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"To create, produce or yield:",
"To bloom or bear (flowers, seeds, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bloom",
"bloom"
],
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"flower",
"flower#English"
],
[
"seed",
"seed#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To create, produce or yield:",
"(botany) To bloom or bear (flowers, seeds, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To push or shove; to move with force"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To push or shove; to move with force:"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… Then I pray thee, tomorrow with a spear\nThat Arcite stab me through the heart.",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 2255-2256",
"roman": "That Arcita me thurgh the herte bere.",
"text": "[...] Than preye I thee, to-morwe with a spere",
"translation": "… Then I pray thee, tomorrow with a spear\nThat Arcite stab me through the heart.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To push or shove; to move with force:",
"To thrust or stab; to move a weapon."
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To push or shove; to move with force:",
"To thrust or stab; to move a weapon."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To incite or suggest; to prompt."
],
"links": [
[
"incite",
"incite"
],
[
"suggest",
"suggest"
],
[
"prompt",
"prompt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To incite or suggest; to prompt."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛ̞ːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbœːrən/",
"note": "West Midland, from Anglian Old English beoran"
}
],
"word": "beren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Clothing",
"enm:Heraldry",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Pregnancy",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Taxation",
"enm:Transport"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "bere"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beire"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:ġebǣran",
"id": "to sound",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *gabārī\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nProto-West Germanic *-jan\nProto-West Germanic *gabārijan\nOld English ġebǣran\nMiddle English beren\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*gabārijan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġebǣran\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"beren\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"to sound\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"beren\" id=\"Middle_English:_to_sound\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġebǣran",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ġebǣran",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġebǣran"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ġebǣran",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gabārijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gabārijan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *gabārī\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nProto-West Germanic *-jan\nProto-West Germanic *gabārijan\nOld English ġebǣran\nMiddle English beren\nInherited from Old English ġebǣran, from Proto-West Germanic *gabārijan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bereth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bered",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{head}}}",
"links": [
[
"{{{head}}}",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`head`rcub``rcub``rcub`#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to {{{head}}}",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{3}}}est",
"links": [
[
"{{{3}}}est",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`3`rcub``rcub``rcub`est#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}edest",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}edest",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`edest#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{3}}}eth",
"links": [
[
"{{{3}}}eth",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`3`rcub``rcub``rcub`eth#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}en",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}en",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`en#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}eden",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}eden",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`eden#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}eth",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}eth",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`eth#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}e",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}e",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`e#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}ynge",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}ynge",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`ynge#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{1}}}ende",
"links": [
[
"{{{1}}}ende",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`1`rcub``rcub``rcub`ende#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "y{{{2}}}ed",
"links": [
[
"y{{{2}}}ed",
"Unsupported titles/y`lcub``lcub``lcub`2`rcub``rcub``rcub`ed#Middle_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ber",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "i-beren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "beren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bereth",
"2": "berynge",
"3": "bered"
},
"expansion": "beren (third-person singular simple present bereth, present participle berynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bered)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"c": "ede"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out, howl, or roar."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"howl",
"howl"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To cry out, howl, or roar."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To sing or chime loudly."
],
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
],
[
"chime",
"chime"
],
[
"loudly",
"loudly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To sing or chime loudly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To behave; to assume a specified kind of behaviour."
],
"links": [
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"specified",
"specified"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) To behave; to assume a specified kind of behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛ̝ːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːrən/"
}
],
"word": "beren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for beren meaning in Middle English (29.9kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To possess (a feature, propert'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"beren"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "beren",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To assume, accept, or obtain; '[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"beren"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "beren",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.